Artificial Intelligence (Future Tech. Report Unit 1)

Artificial Technology

Introduction

A.I Today (“Where are we now?”)

Present Capabilities

Research and Development

Future of A.I Technology

Reference

Introduction

— What is Artificial Intelligence?

— Defined as the part of computer science concerned with designing systems that exhibit the characteristics associated with human intelligence.

— Ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence research

— The ultimate aim is to make computer programs that are capable of solving problems and achieving goals in the world as well as humans.

A.I Today (Where are we now?)

— Symbolic A.I systems today are only as smart as the programmer who created it.

— Are designed and programmed rather than trained or evolved.

— Function under rules and rarely proving effective outside of their assigned domain.

Present Capabilities

— Signal processing uses electronic circuitry to detect and convert signals (such as X-ray, ultrasonic, infra-red) into images or sound to aid in signal interpretation. Subtypes include digital signal processing, analogue, audio, speech and video, and signals from arrayed sensors.

— Pattern recognition is a branch of artificial intelligence that can assist in recognizing an obscure property from raw input data. A machine capable of pattern recognition can be trained to extract certain features - such as car licence plate numbers - and guide an automated system into making intelligent decisions.

— Surveillance systems involve the collection and analysis of data by electronic circuits. The data may enable timely action to be taken with regard to security, border control or the control of a disease.

— Decision support systems involve software applications that help analyze data contained within a customized database to support decision-making. This computer technology is used in the management of real estate portfolios, healthcare, cost accounting and budgeting.

— Threat and risk analysis applications are electronic-based methods for defining and analyzing threats and vulnerabilities associated with a set of assets or capabilities and supply management with information to develop corrective measures.

— System diagnostics use unique signal processing method in a number of industries including metal cutting, machine grinding and materials-handling industries.

A.I Applications

— Some AI applications today are as ff.:

— Game Playing

— Speech Recognition

— Understanding Natural Language

— Computer Vision

— Expert Systems

— Heuristic Classifications

Research and Development

— Scientist are beginning to look much more on at the mechanisms of the brain an the way it learns, evolves and develops intelligence from a sense of being conscious (Aleksander, 2002).

— Trying to develop Artificial Neural Networks (ANN’s). These computational-cognitive-models are designed to exhibit some form of learning and ‘common-sense’ by drawing links between meanings (Hsiung, 2002)

— Using Genetic Algorithms in making wise decisions

References

— John McCarthy (2007), “What is Artificial Intelligence”, http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp/ref_guides/harvardonline.htm

— “Understanding Artificial Intelligence”,

http://www.csiro.au/science/psc9.html

— Alexander Huw Arnall (2003), “Future Technologies Today’s Choices: N a n o t e c h n o l o g y, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics; A technical, political and institutional map of emerging technologies.”, http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/5886.pdf

— “ Artificail Intelligence”, http://future.wikia.com/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence#Future_prospects